laurent



o Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1'.

' W. DE ST. LAURENT.

GAS LAMP.

No. 350,419. Patented Oct. 5, 1886.

7 i y l I \e' E 1-5 I H I 74 lzll amtkflladrenit V 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2.

(No Model.)

W. DB ST. LAURENT.

GAS LAMP.

Patented Oct. 5, 1886.

I .Inveizior Z'Zlzaw afilaurezzi.

N PETERS, PhmvLrlhogmphar, Wuhingkm. 0 cv UNITED STATES PATENT OFrIcE.

WILLIAM on sr. LAURENT, or LONDON, ENGLAND.

GAS-LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 350,419, datedOctober'5, 1886.

Application filed July 3, 1886. Serial No. 207,098. (No model.) Patentedin France July 21, 1885, No. 170,247.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM DE Sr. LAU- RENT, asubject of the Queen ofGreat Britain, residing'at London, England, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Gas-Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for giving light; and thepurposethereof is to provide novel means whereby a more complete andperfect combustion of the gas may beobtained, whereby the products ofcombustion may be entirely consumed, or practically so, and the lightingpower of the lamp greatly increased. r To this end my invention consistsin the several novel features of construction and combinations of parts,hereinafter fully set forth, and definitely pointed out in the claimsfollowing this specification.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central vertical section ofthe complete apparatus. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line as m,Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a central vertical section in detail of the body ofthe lamp detached. Fig. 4: is a similar View of the combustion-domedetached. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the burner detached. Fig. 5 is apartial side elevation of Fig. 5. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of Fig.5 on the line 3/ y. Fig. c 7 is a central vertical section of the cone;and Fig. 8 a plan view of the same. Fig. 9 is a side elevation showingthe lamp in action.

In the said drawings, the referenceletter A designates the gasconduit,which consists of a pipe of small diameter passing centrally downwardthrough the upper part of the lamp.

At its lower end this pipe connects with the burner B. (Shown in detailin Figs. 5, 5, and 6.) This burner is cylindrical at the top where theconduit A enters; but below that point it consists of two parallelpassages, b, which extend downward to and communicate with a cylindricalbody, B, thelower extremity of which is provided with an annularchamber, 0. \Vithin the burner is centrally arranged a cylinder, Bhaving its upper end, which lies just beneath the neck connecting theburner and the gas-conduit A, closed. The walls of this cylinder formthe inner walls of the passages b; 0 but upon'both sides of saidpassages the cylinder is pierced with openings 7), for a purposepresently to be described.

The annular chamber 0, the outer walls whereof project outward, isprovided with a series of small gas-openings, a, leading outward inradial lines and placed closely together. WVithin the cylinder B isplaced a ring, 6 having fingers b rigidly connected with the cylinder.The ring gives support to a central rod,-D, which supports acup-shapeddefleeting disk, D, lying a little below the lower end of the burner andhaving its edge or rim arranged just below the plane of theoutletopenings 0.

Surrounding the burner B is the lamp shell or body E, (shown in detailin Figs. 2 and 3,) consisting of a central neck, A, which connects theconduit A with the burner B, to which is connected a concentric seriesof inner and outer radial chambers, F and G. The chambers F are closedupon four sides, but open above and below, while the chambers G, whichalternate with them,are open outwardly and at their inner ends, but areinclosed above by a wall, f, and below by a parallel wall, 9. Integralwith the wall 9 is formed a downwardly-depending cylindrical shell, K,having outward studs, Z, at regular intervals, and upon the wall f isformed a rim, 5/, which receives a dome, L, Fig. 4., having a flange, Z,fitting over the rim 9 and making a close joint. The dome L has acentral opening, L,'in its top which surrounds the gas-conduit A, aconsiderable annular space being left between the two.

Upon the cylindrical shell K is mounted the heatingjcone M, Figs. 7 and8, havinga series of bayonetjoints, m, which engage'the studs Z,-'projecting from the shell K. This cone has an opening, M, whichsurrounds the annular chamber 00f the burner, the edge of the openingbeing in a plane a little above the-series of gas-openings c. v

An annular imperforate reflector, N, is at.- tached to the flange H, andits wall, which is concave outwardly, extends inwardly and downward to.a point about midway of the heating-cone M, an annular space being leftbetween the latter and the edge of the reflector.

A semi-ovoid globe, O, is attached by hook- 100 fingers t to the outerrim, 1, and surrounds the burner and all parts below the said outer rim.

This rim also supports a shell, I?,which rises above the eombustion-domeL, and this shell in turn supports a chimney, It, an air-passage beingleft between the base of said chimney and the inner wall of the shell1?, as shown in Fig. 1. Upon the combustion-domeL is mounted an innerchimney, S, surrounding the gasconduit A, and extending upward asuitable distance within the outer chimney, R.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: Gas being introduced throughthe conduit A flows down through the passages b and the cylindrical partB of the burner into the annular chamber 0, whence it escapes throughthe openings 0, the combustion taking place at this point. Theair-currents produced thereby flow through the openings b in the outerwall of the burner, thence down the cylinder 13 into the cup-shapeddeflector I), by which they are driven upward into contact with theflame at or near the point of combustion. At the same time the externalair, passing between the base of the chimney It and the shell P, entersthe alternate chambers G,flows downward through the shell K andheating-cone M, and impinges upon the inner surface of the annulus offlame, causing it to spread outwardly, conforming nearly to the shape ofthe base of the heating-cone M, but not coming in actual contact withit. The gases and products of combustion pass upward between theheatingeone and the edge of the reflector N, through the ehambersF, intothe combustion-dome L, and thence out through the chimney S, surroundingthe gas-conduit A.

It will readily be seen that by the arrangement described, the exteriorair is heated by its passage through the body of the lamp and theheating-cone before it is mingled with the burning gas, thereby adaptingit to support combustion much more perfectly. Moreover, air is broughtto the flame by two distinct avenues, and is mingled with the burninggas upon both sides of the flamethat is, upon the outside and theinsidethe one current passing centrall y through the burner into thecup-shaped deflector and the other passing through the chambers G andheating-cone M. This not only renders the combuston far more perfect,thereby causing a complete consumption of the smoke and other productsof combustion, but it serves to deflect the eouronne of flame into aform most favorable to the production of light and to the generation ofheat in the air-passages. It will also be seen that the heated gases ofcombustion which pass upward through the chambers F, dome L, and chimneyS impart heat to the walls of the airpassages Gand to the gasconduit A,thereby raising the temperature of both gas and air before they reachthe point of combustion.

In order to prevent the apparatus from unduly heating the apartment, theouter chimney, R, is used, having the circular air-passage between itsbase and the shell 1?, which also intercepts the heat from thelamp-body. The air entering at the base of the outer chimney partlypasses upward between it and the dome L and chimney S, therebypreventing excessive heating of the parts, and part of said air passesdownward to the burner, as already described.

It will be observed that the arrangement of an inner and outer chimneywith an intermediate cold-air supply received at the bottom between theshell P and base of the outer chimney, B, serves to prevent excessiveheating of the chimneys and obviates smoking or defacing of the ceilingand upper part of the lighting apparatus.

The shell E, with the inner and outer radial air-chambers, F G, rims HI, and shell K are all cast integral, and the heating-cone M,imperforate reflector N, globe O, and inclosing shell P are all closelyattached to said casting, thereby forming a series of close chambersfrom which all cold air is excluded except such as is admitted throughthe passage between the shell I? and base of the outer chimney, B. Thisair-tight construction combined with an enlarged capacity of theair-heating space, so that all the air for sup porting combustion isthoroughly heated before reaching the flame.

I am aware that gas-lamps have heretofore been provided with doublechimneys,with radial heating-chambers surrounding a central burner andgas-conduit, and with burners having concentric air and gas passages.These features, however, I do not broadly claim.

I am aware, also, of the United States Pair cut to Bower and Thorp, No.322,038, dated July 14, 1885, and German Patent to Grimston, No. 22,706.My improved lamp differs from those heretofore known in comprising anair deflector suspended from within the central air-passage of theburner and extend ed outward and upward to a point just beneath thelateral gas-outlets, and an inclosing-shell, I having a closed bottom,the upper part of said shell being arranged around the base of the outerchimney, It, in such a way as to afford an intermediate aiupassage forthe air-supply of the lamp, the lower part of which is closed by aclose-fitting globe. By this construction the air-supply of the lamp isgreatly increased and a brilliant illumination obtained with but littleexpenditure of gas, owing to the perfect combustion resulting from theextended heating-surfaces and large air-spaces afforded within the lamp.

Any exterior form may be given to the lamp consistent withornamentation.

\Vhat I claim is- A gas-lamp composed of a central gaseouduit, a burnerhaving separate gas and air passages, and provided at its lower end withradial gas outlets, a concentric series of inner and outer radialair-chambers surrounding the upper part of said burner, each alternatechamber being closed to the exterior air and the remainder open to theatmosphere, a heat ing-cone attached to the shell of said chambers shellhaving a closed bottom, the upper part and extended downward and inwardto a of said shell being arranged around the base point immediatelyabove the gas-outlets, an of the outer chimney with an intermediateannular imperforate reflector surrounding the airpassage, substantiallyas described. I 5 5 heatingcone, an air-deflector suspended from Intestimony whereof I have affixed my sigwithin the central air-passage ofthe burner nature in presence of two Witnesses.

and cxtended'npward' to a point just below T the gas-outlets, aclose-fitting globe, a com- D LAURELT' bastion-dome above the radialair-chambers, Witnesses: IO an inner chimney communicating with saidJAMES L. NORRIS,

dome, an outer chimney, and an inclosing- J. A. RUTHERFORD.

